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What is a GIS?
A Geographic Information System is a powerful,
computer-based tool that takes information stored in a database and allows it
to be analyzed in terms of both "what" and "where." All
of the common database functions, including queries and statistical analyses,
are available but with the added capability of displaying the information in
the form of maps. The data is stored on the basis of either geographic points
on the earth's surface, or areas. The maps are generated by selecting
specific data and instructing the GIS program to display all the points at
which that data is present and, if appropriate, its value. Data can be
manipulated in a large variety of combinations and then mapped. This is
typically done in layers so that each layer displays the geographic
distribution of the data it is dealing with. The layers can be superimposed
to display composite maps.
By creating layers, GIS integrates
data from several separate sources into a unique visual form to extract
powerful information revealing trends and patterns that otherwise may be hidden.
The database statistics, displayed in map form, can then be analyzed in terms
of their distribution, how they relate spatially to other data, geographic
trends, associations and their relationships with other physical features,
both natural and man-made. The data is no longer confined to tables of
numbers and facts but is displayed according to its physical distribution in
the real world.
This enables the data to be analyzed
in terms of its relationships and interactions and provides new insights and
a basis for interpreting possible causes, synergies and conflicts. In turn,
this can provide a foundation for making predictions and planning strategies.
How
Organizations Employ GIS
GIS
provides decision makers with the tools and capability to create maps based
on selected variables, visualize information, solve problems, present
powerful ideas and develop effective solutions that assist in making their
critical business decisions. Whether it be locating a site for a new retail
outlet or positioning a network of communications towers, GIS makes
identifying trends and patterns, explaining events, predicting outcomes and
planning strategies easier than ever before.
v Agriculture
v Banking
v Health
v Insurance
v Local
Government
v Mining
v Real Estate
v Retail &
Commercial Business
v
Telecommunications/Utilities
v Transportation
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